📈 Indian Economy & Development
- GDP / GNP / NDP / NNP: Measures of national income & economic activity.
- Per Capita Income: Average income per person; reflects living standards.
- HDI (Human Development Index): Composite index of life expectancy, education, and income.
- Inclusive Growth: Equitable distribution of economic benefits.
- Demographic Dividend: Growth potential from working-age population surge.
💰 Government Budgeting & Taxation
- Union Budget: Annual financial plan of the Government of India.
- Capital vs Revenue Expenditure: Asset creation vs recurring expenses.
- Fiscal Deficit: Gap between total expenditure and revenue (excluding borrowings).
- GST (Goods and Services Tax): One nation, one tax – indirect tax reform.
- FRBM Act: Legal framework for fiscal discipline.
🏦 Monetary Policy & Banking
- Repo / Reverse Repo Rate: Interest rate tools used by RBI.
- CRR / SLR: Reserve ratios maintained by banks.
- MPC (Monetary Policy Committee): Decides policy rates to control inflation.
- NPA (Non-Performing Assets): Stressed assets in the banking sector.
- Basel Norms: Global risk management framework for banks.
🌐 Trade, Globalization & External Sector
- FDI / FII: Direct and portfolio foreign investments in India.
- Balance of Payments (BoP): Record of all economic transactions with the world.
- Current Account Deficit: When imports exceed exports and remittances.
- Rupee Depreciation: Fall in the value of the Indian Rupee against foreign currencies.
- WTO: Multilateral body regulating international trade rules.
🚜 Agriculture & Allied Sectors
- MSP (Minimum Support Price): Guaranteed price for farmers’ produce.
- APMC: Regulated markets for agriculture; under reform.
- e-NAM: Online trading platform for agri-commodities.
- Green/White/Blue Revolution: Boosts in food, milk, and fisheries production respectively.
🏗️ Infrastructure & Investment
- NIP (National Infrastructure Pipeline): ₹100 lakh crore investment plan for infrastructure.
- PPP (Public Private Partnership): Joint infrastructure development model.
- SEZs: Special zones with tax benefits for boosting exports.
- Ease of Doing Business: World Bank index on business-friendliness.
🏞️ Environment, Green Economy & Climate Finance
- Green GDP: GDP adjusted for environmental degradation.
- Carbon Trading / Credits: Emission permits traded in global markets.
- SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals): 17 UN global goals for 2030.
- Green Bonds: Funds raised exclusively for environmental projects.
- NAPCC: India’s policy response to climate change.
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